Assessing the potential to implement open loop geothermal systems in Canadian underground mines
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many parts of the world are introducing geothermal heat pumps as alternatives to conventional heating and cooling systems. This thesis investigates how this renewable energy resource can be exploited using underground mine water from active mines in Canada. A few cases located in Europe and North America are presented where buildings are utilizing thermal energy generated from open loop mine water systems found in nearby abandoned mines. This report involved two studies. The initial one is a preliminary survey involving twelve active mine sites in Canada. Site visits were conducted at all twelve mines to collect information about the operation, mine water temperature and water pumping rates. From this data, the thermal capacity of the underground resource was calculated and verified using heat pump catalogues. Economic and environmental assessments were conducted for each proposed geothermal heat pump design. These preliminary results were promising and a larger assessment, which included a total of 23 mines, was conducted. The results from this assessment found that the overall potential heat gain from these mines is 20,900 kW annually, which translates into heating 69,150 average Canadian homes. Canadians have the potential to realize an annual savings from $1.5 to $4.9 million, with a potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions varying from 16,850 to 19,300 tonnes per year.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it