Battle for the far north: an analysis of threats to Canadian Arctic sovereignty.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2019, the Government of Canada released the Arctic and Northern Policy Framework, to include associated International and Safety, Security, and Defence chapters. This new policy represents a shift in perspective towards the Arctic from ‘use it or lose it’ to a ‘soft security’ framework. This study consists of a content analysis of Canadian, Russian, and Chinese Arctic and defense policies, with a view to identifying threats to Canadian Arctic sovereignty and any gaps in existing Canadian Arctic and defense policy. As traditional and emerging threats, Russia and China each present unique challenges to Canadian Arctic sovereignty. A nine ways of seeing analysis was conducted to frame the contemporary Arctic environment, followed by a review of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that influence Canadian Arctic sovereignty is presented to provide recommendations on how Canada can secure its hold on its Arctic territory amidst boundary disputes and increased interest from non-Arctic states.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".