China struggles to kick world-leading cigarette habit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most smokers in China, the world's largest tobacco consumer, have no intention of kicking the habit and remain unaware of some of its most damaging health effects, according to Chinese health officials and outside researchers. China is the worlds number one consumer of tobacco, and that probably wont be changing any time soon.Chinese smokers make up almost a quarter of the population. Of the estimated 316 million people who smoke cigarettes, 59 percent say they're not planning to quit.It's raising concerns about the long term effects on public health and the economy.In response Chinese lawmakers and health officials have slowly started restricting the habit.Shanghai banned public smoking in March, but a country-wide ban which was supposed to start by the end of 2016 has yet to materialize.A decade long study by Chinese and Canadian researchers also showed that in some cases, smokers were unaware of the health risks they faced.60 percent said they didn't know smoking can lead to strokes and almost 40 percent were surprise to learn that smoking causes heart disease.It's a tricky situation for health officials. The amount of smokers in China has decreased slowly over the last 25 years, but because of booming population growth, the actual number of smokers has continued to increase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".