Cognitive Dysfunction in Hospitalized Patient with Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19: A 1-Year Prospective Observational Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mihaela-Camelia Vasile,1,2,* Claudiu-Ionut Vasile,2,3,* Anca-Adriana Arbune,4,5,* Alexandru Nechifor,1,* Manuela Arbune1,6,* 1Clinical Medical Department, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculty, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 2Infectious Diseases Department II, Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Galati, Romania; 3Psychiatry Department I, Clinic Psychiatry Hospital, Galati, Romania; 4Neurology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania; 5Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research (MIC-DIR), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, Romania; 6Infectious Diseases Department I, Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Galati, Romania*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Claudiu-Ionut Vasile, Email vasilemclaudiu@yahoo.comPurpose: To screen the neurocognitive impairment persistent post-COVID-19.Patients and Methods: We assessed the neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19 in a prospective study, by “Mini-Mental State Examination” (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires, applied in the discharge to COVID-19 hospitalized patients for moderate and severe forms of disease. They were followed-up in 6 and 12 months.Results: The tests were performed in the baseline and were reevaluated after 6 and 12 months. Baseline cognitive dysfunction was found in 12.4% of patients, according to the MMSE test and in 19.7% by the MoCA scores. Overall cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 was returned to normal after 6 months, although some tasks are more severe and persistently impaired, such as attention, concentration, short memory, and execution skills. The male gender and the degree of hypoxia, related to the severity of COVID-19 infection, were related to cognitive dysfunction in the study group.Conclusion: Cognitive domain impairments related to COVID-19 could persist over 6 months post-acute infectious episode requiring systematic screening for early diagnosis of progressive brain pathologies and rehabilitation. Keywords: mental health, MoCA test, MMSE test, cognitive domains, COVID-19
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".