Children and deployment: a cross country comparison
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporary parental absence is not unique to military families; various jobs in different industries involve work-related travel. Parental separation as a result of military deployment, however, differs from regular business travel, because it involves the risk that military personnel may be injured, or even killed, while performing their duties abroad. It is one of the unique characteristics and challenges of military life, and, presumably, the most serious concern experienced by spouses and children of deployed military personnel (Booth et al., 2007). With the evolution of professional all-volunteer militaries in many countries, the workforce demographic has changed from mainly young unmarried men to largely married military personnel who have children. As a result of military deployments, large proportions of spouses and children miss their loved ones on a regular basis and for prolonged periods of time. Moreover, military-induced separations disrupt the daily organization of family life and create temporary single-parent households. Service members’ departures and their returns both change the composition of the family, requiring adaptation by children and parents. Today, dual-income families are quite common, and trends in society away from traditional to more egalitarian family relations have led to more equally divided tasks and responsibilities within the household. During military deployments, however, nondeployed spouses typically need to take care of daily household and parenting tasks alone, while managing their careers and work responsibilities. This can result in role overload and conflict between job and family demands. Upon the service member’s return, family members face the challenges of reintegration, renegotiation (for example of family roles and rules), and reconnecting. The various challenges and stressors of militaryinduced separations are likely to impact family members’ well-being and family relationships. This chapter addresses the impact of military deployment on children and parents by providing a cross-country comparison of data collected in Canada and the Netherlands. Guided by the conceptual framework developed by Coulthard (2011) on the basis of earlier theoretical and empirical insights, we describe the stressors that families with children face, the risk and protective factors that can be identified, the impact on children’s and parents’ well-being, and the potential effects on organizational outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".