Consolidating Southeast Asia and the Meaning of Force in History: Pax Ming and the Case of Chen Zuyi 陳祖義 (d. 1407)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Not few Chinese historians consider the Zheng He 鄭和 (1371-1433) expeditions as voyages meant to establish peaceful relations with foreign countries in maritime Asia.Although -in contrast to the European overseas expansion -it lay not in the interest of the Chinese emperor and his government to colonialize foreign countries, this does not mean that relations were peaceful.Subordination of neighbouring countries to the Ming court and their acceptance of China's claim for cultural, ideological and political superiority in the macro region -the implementation of a " pax Ming " in other wordswas well intended.The article discusses Zheng He's and the Ming court's dealing with Chen Zuyi, an "inconvenient" local ("pirate") leader of Chinese origins dominating parts of the Malacca Straits, the use of violence in the implementation of official Ming goals and the ideological transfiguration and (re-)interpretation of own interests in Chinese historical sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".