The Death of Deference:National Policy-Making in the Aftermath of theMeech Lake and Charlottetown Accords
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been suggested that there has been a decline in Canadians’ traditional deference to elites in recent decades, and that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter) is either a reflection of the decline in deference or a cause of it.1 Deference, however, seems not merely in decline; it is not “pining for the fjords”, as Monty Python would put it, but is “pushing up the daisies”. It is dead; it was a lingering death, one which lasted between June 1987 and June 1990, and the deathbed was the Meech Lake Accord. To take the analogy further, deference’s funeral procession was the long, slow and, for many of the participants, painful march to the Charlottetown Accord; its burial was the defeat of that Accord in the October 1992 referendum. The implications of this death remain with us still, even if they are but poorly integrated into the practice of intergovernmental relations in Canada, and require a fundamental and more pluralist reconception of the norms of national policy-making.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".