Differences in Cortical Thickness between Cognitively Impaired Persons with and without Apathy May Reflect Discrete Mechanisms of Neuropathophysiology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apathy increases the risk of dementia and is associated with worse outcomes. Deficits in frontostriatal circuits and frontotemporal association areas are associated with apathy in dementia. However, the specific brain regions mediating apathy remain unclear given concomitant neurodegenerative processes. Cognitively impaired (CI) participants with apathy and without apathy from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative matched by demographic, genetic, and cognitive markers were investigated. Differences in region-wise cortical thicknesses were examined by stratified mixed-effects analyses. The right medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) were thinner and the left middle temporal cortex (MTC) was thicker in CI participants with apathy compared to matched CI participants without apathy. Supplementary analyses with cognitively normal participants showed that apathy among CI participants was associated with thinner right mOFC and left rACC. Meanwhile, CI participants with apathy had spared atrophy in the left MTC relative to matched CI participants without apathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".