Effect of the axenic nematode «Steinernema carpocapsae» on the immune responses of two lepidopteran larvae, «Galleria mellonella» (F. Pyralidae) and «Malacosoma disstria» (F. Lasiocampidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Live adult and juvenile entomopathogenic as opposed to freeze-killed Steinernema carpocapsae DD136 (P. Nematoda) did not have adhering haemocytes of lepidopteran insect larvae of Galleria mellonella or Malacosoma disstria in vitro or in vivo. Haemocyte accumulation on dead nematodes was associated with cuticular activation of host phenoloxidase. Live nematodes and their exudates did not activate the enzyme. Live-nematode exudate but not dead-nematode exudate inhibited granular cell and some plasmatocyte adhesion to slides, increased granular cell but not plasmatocyte dissociation from preformed haemocyte monolayers and in vivo elevated total haemocyte counts while impairing bacterial removal from the haemolymph. Immunosuppressant activity by third stage juvenile nematodes may represent the release of non-cuticular inhibitors. Initial characterization of the immunosuppressant properties revealed the suppressant(s) were weakly hydrophobic, were not affected by repeated freeze-thawing but most were destroyed at 65oC. A residual heat-stable suppressant remained in the exudate, attributed to lipopolysaccharides. Exudate with a cocktail of protease inhibitors partially increased haemocyte adhesion with a small decline in total protein occurring indicating that non-enzymic proteins are also involved. A decrease in exudate total protein but not immunosuppression in exudate with trypsin and chymotrypsin-conjugated agarose beads indicated the presence of non-suppressant trypsin and chymotrypsin sensitive proteins. Correlation analysis between enzyme activities and level of adhering haemocytes implied several enzyme types including trypsin and chymotrypsin may participate in immunosupp
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".