The Effects of Agricultural Intensification on An Obligate Grassland Bird of North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grassland birds are in decline worldwide and the leading cause of this decline is habitat loss and degradation through agricultural intensification. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of agricultural intensification on a declining grassland bird, the Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). Over two breeding seasons nests were located and monitored, adults and nestlings were measured to assess body condition, and fledglings were manually radio tracked to quantify survival. Nesting success over the two-years was significantly lower on agricultural sites. However, nest predation was higher in agricultural sites in only one of the two years, fledgling survival was not significantly different, and no differences were found in the nest productivity, nor body condition of adults and nestlings. Long-term monitoring is needed to determine if nest predation is consistently higher in intensive agriculture, but at present our results indicate that in some years intensive agriculture may provide adequate habitat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".