Exploring the Significance of Autophagy in Host Defense in an Enteric Parasitic Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that is responsible for degrading and recycling cytoplasmic constituents and has also emerged as a significant factor in modulating immune responses during enteric infections. This study investigates the role of autophagy in host defense during enteric parasitic infection, Trichuris muris, by focusing on the host defense, expulsion of worms, infection pathogenesis, and gut microbiota composition. Using C57BL/6 mice that are resistant and AKR mice that are susceptible to T. muris infection, we confirmed that when infected with T. muris, C57BL/6 mice can clear the infection almost completely by day 21 post-infection (p.i.). In contrast, AKR mice cannot, and therefore harbor a chronic infection within. Moreover, autophagy gene 7 floxed mice (Atg7fl/fl) and mice that are deficient in the autophagy protein, autophagy 7, in their intestinal epithelial cells (Atg7ΔIEC), were infected with T. muris and sacrificed on different time points. We observed that the Atg7fl/fl mice were able to almost clear the infection by day 21 p.i. but the Atg7ΔIEC mice were unable to clear infection by day 21 p.i. In vitro experiments consisted of exposing intestinal epithelial (HT-29) cell lines to T. muris excretory secretory products (ESPs) at different concentrations and also for different time-points, however, autophagy protein levels remained unchanged in those concentrations and time-points. Microbiota from uninfected and infected Atg7fl/fl and Atg7ΔIEC, analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing revealed no significant differences in microbial composition among uninfected mice and minor differences in microbiota composition among T. muris infected mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".