Experimental investigation on the lateral strength of unreinforced brick masonry walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Damage surveys from worldwide past earthquakes have shown that unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are typically associated with the highest proportion of damage.In Eastern Canada, these structures are widely used as load-bearing or nonload-bearing walls in older residential, industrial, or institutional buildings.Most of them are considered as pre-code buildings, as they were built prior to the introduction of seismic requirements in codes and standards.In order to improve the assessment of their lateral load resistance, an experimental project was carried out to investigate the mechanical parameters and the forcedisplacement capacity of traditional unreinforced brick masonry (UBM).The objective of this research project is to characterize the behaviour of traditional UBM walls under seismic loading.The experimental programme included the characterization of the mechanical properties of the UBM constituents, and two phases of tests on UBM assembly samples and two-leaf UBM wallets.Assembly samples and wallets were built with manufactured moulded clay bricks typically used as replicas of traditional UBM, and cement-lime mortar used to match the mechanical properties of the original traditional cement-lime mortar.Results of this study will be contributing to a better evaluation of the lateral resistance and seismic performance of UBM buildings, thereby improving damage prediction for seismic risk studies and selection of efficient rehabilitation and strengthening strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".