Household Enterprises in Vietnam : Survival, Growth, and Living Sandards
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Vietnam almost a quarter of adults \n worked in nonfarm household enterprises in 1998. Based on \n household panel data from the Vietnam Living Standards \n Surveys of 1993 and 1998, the authors find some evidence \n that operating an enterprise leads to greater affluence. The \n data show that nonfarm household enterprises are most likely \n to be operated by urban households, by those with moderately \n good education, and by the children of proprietors. The \n authors were able to construct a panel of nonfarm household \n enterprises; 39 percent of enterprises operating in 1993 \n were still in business in 1998. Those in the (more affluent) \n south of the country were less likely to survive, as were \n smaller and younger businesses. A pattern emerges from the \n data. In poor areas the lack of education, credit, and \n effective demand limits the development of nonfarm household \n enterprises. In rich areas there is the attraction of wage \n labor. Nonfarm household enterprises are thus most important \n in the period of transition, when agriculture is declining \n in importance but before the formal sector becomes \n established. The authors expect these enterprises to \n continue to play a modest supporting role in fostering \n economic growth in Vietnam.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it