Il 'genio del diritto' : da Beccaria all'utilitarismo di Bentham
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the thesis is twofold. The first objective is to illustrate the philosophy of Cesare Beccaria through the study of his articles on II caffe and his major work On crimes and punishments. The author presents a conceptual and practical solution to two problems: the administration of justice and the foundation of law. The second objective of the thesis is to retrace the steps of the international spread of his thought in France and the Anglo-Saxon world: France is only concerned with the administration of justice; England is responsive to both the concepts of the Italian scholar through William Blackstone (justice) and Jeremy Bentham (law). Bentham finds in the theory of the social contract of Beccaria the principle of Utilitarianism, a social philosophy that he will develop. The Founding Fathers of the United States will be sensitive to both aspects of the thought of the Milanese author, directly and through Blackstone's and Bentham's works.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".