La internacionalización de la economía española
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to describe the basic features characterising the process of Spain’s opening-up to the outside world. We have confronted the situation by decomposing the dynamics of the two great areas, commercial and financial, in which the internationalization of any economy becomes apparent. Even though the origins of the process may be at the beginning of the decade of the sixties, last century, the preferential attention is concentrated on the last quarter of a century since the beginning Spain’s\nmembership of the European Community. Within this period, the incorporation of our country to the final phase of the Economic and Monetary Union, in 1999, defines the\nstart of clearly different period, not just due to the greater commercial and financial permeability in the heart of the Eurozone, but also due to the significant acceleration of economic growth and the incubation, during those years, of certain relevant imbalances. Once the global economic and financial crisis had been unleashed the excessive dependence on foreign savings, particularly by the private sector, was to turn Spain’s economy into one of the most vulnerable
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".