Is feeding style associated with dietary intake and nutritional status in Ghanaian children 1-3 years of age?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, childhood malnutrition may be attributed in part to sub-optimal feeding practices. This study examined the relationship between caregiver feeding styles and child dietary intake and nutritional status in two regions of Ghana. Events during one meal for children 1-3 y of age were observed in households in the Techiman (n=60) and Kassena Nankana districts (n=71). A multi-item feeding behavior instrument was used to code caregiver actions. All served foods and all food not consumed by the child were weighed. In addition, child anthropometric measurements were taken and household demographic information documented. Caregiver feeding behavior was categorized by degree of responsiveness. Responsive feeding behavior was a predictor of energy intake of a meal, but not nutritional status. Caregivers in Techiman were more likely to remove the child's food following a refusal. Practical interventions are needed to help caregivers learn to respond effectively to their young children during feeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".