Investigating taxonomy and speciation of Quinqueserialis (Digenea: Notocotylidae) parasites with an integrative taxonomic approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estimates of parasite diversity are inaccurate due to unrecognized cryptic species and phenotypic plasticity. Integrative taxonomy (genetics, morphology, and host use) increases the clarity of species delineation, and improves knowledge of parasite biology. I used this approach to resolve taxonomic issues and test hypotheses of speciation in a genus of trematodes, Quinqueserialis. Specimens from throughout North America were field-collected and obtained from museums. No cryptic species were found, but host-induced phenotypic plasticity was confirmed in one Q. species. I confirmed two previously documented Q. species, and revised the life cycle of one to include three novel snail hosts. A new Q. species was also discovered in northern Canada. I found that the three species were influenced differently by host specificity and geographic isolation and that further sampling is needed to understand Quinqueserialis spp divergence. I illustrated the importance of resolving the species diversity of parasites before exploring their evolutionary ecology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".