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Record W7039210526

Lightweight Al-based entropy alloys for elevated-temperature applications

2024· other· en· W7039210526 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueConstellation (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi) · 2024
Typeother
Languageen
Field
Topic
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversité du Québec à Chicoutimi
KeywordsHigh entropy alloysAlloyEntropy (arrow of time)MicrostructureAluminiumThermal
DOInot available

Abstract

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With the development of the green economy, there is a growing demand for lightweight aluminum (Al) alloys exhibiting superior mechanical behavior at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of conventional Al alloys often suffer significant deterioration at high temperatures due to coarsened precipitates and inherent alloy characteristics. The advent of entropy alloys has introduced novel design strategies for conventional alloys. By integrating the concept of entropy into the potential development of Al alloys, Al-based entropy alloys are proposed as promising materials for achieving both lightweight and high-strength properties. However, as emerging materials, Al-based entropy alloys have a limited development history, and research in this area is not yet systematic or sufficient. Therefore, this project aims to provide a comprehensive overview through an in-depth investigation in this field. Two series of lightweight Al-based entropy alloys have been developed for elevated-temperature (≥ 300 °C) applications. The strengthening mechanisms employed in these alloys have been further discussed. In the first part, a literature review on the Al-based entropy alloys is presented. This review provides an overview of lightweight Al-based entropy alloys, covering their developmental background, design principles, fabrication methods, microstructures, and mechanical properties, as well as alloys suitable for high-temperature applications. A comprehensive investigation of current research on Al-based entropy alloys with a density lower than 4.0 g/cm3 was conducted from 122 different alloys. The relationship between microstructure and thermodynamic parameters was analyzed. Lightweight Al-based entropy alloys could bridge the gap between conventional Al and Ti alloys in terms of mechanical properties and density. The excellent thermal stabilities of these alloys make them attractive structural materials for use at elevated temperatures. Finally, future trends in the field of lightweight Al-based entropy alloys are discussed. In the second part, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of five lightweight Al–Cu–Mg–Zn entropy alloys (Al85Cu5Zn5Mg5, Al74Cu10Zn8Mg8, Al93Cu4Zn1Mg1Cr1, Al84Cu10Zn3Mg2Cr1, and Al77Cu17Zn3Mg2Cr1) were investigated. The five experimental alloys revealed lightweight characteristics with density values ranging from 2.95 to 3.63 g/cm3 and multiphase features. The microstructural and phase evolutions at elevated-temperature were characterized using X-ray diffraction and optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. With the increase in Cu, the volume fraction of intermetallic compounds (ICs) increased, resulting in an improved yield strength (YS) and reduced plasticity. The GP zone and fine η’ precipitates were effective strengthening sources in fcc-Al, but they were unstable at 300 °C and transformed into coarse and submicron-sized particles. The main source of strengthening in the alloy series was the well-interconnected intermetallic compound (IC) network. Among the five alloys studied, Al77Cu17Zn3Mg2Cr1 exhibited the highest YS of 588 MPa at room temperature and retained the highest YS of 199 MPa at 300 °C after thermal exposure for 100 h. Combining its high strength and good thermal stability at 300 °C, this alloy exhibits promising potential for elevated-temperature applications. In the third part, a series of lightweight Al-based entropy alloys containing Cu, Zn, Cr, V, Ti and Fe has been designed for elevated temperature applications. The microstructure, mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures, and the thermal stability of six entropy alloys (Al93Cu4Zn1Cr1Fe1, Al85Cu11Zn2Cr1Fe1, Al85Cu11Zn1Cr2V1, Al78Cu18Zn2Cr1Fe1, Al78Cu18Zn1Cr2Ti1, and Al78Cu18Zn1Cr2V1) were investigated. Owing to the large chemical difference and high negative enthalpy between Al and the alloying elements, the generation of a large quantity of ICs was inevitable. With increasing Cu content, the volume fraction of ICs increased significantly. The three high-Cu alloys (Al78Cu18Zn2Cr1Fe1, Al78Cu18Zn1Cr2Ti1, and Al78Cu18Zn1Cr2V1) exhibited high yield strengths of more than 200 MPa and excellent thermal stability at 300 °C. These values are considerably superior to those of most conventional aluminum alloys. The strengthening mechanisms at room and elevated temperatures have been discussed. The favorable thermal stability and good mechanical properties of the high-Cu alloys up to 450 °C indicate their significant potential for high-temperature applications. In the fourth part, the spatial distributions of various phases in three Al-based entropy alloys were investigated. A closely IC network comprising Al2Cu and Al45Cr7 phases was identified. Finite element (FE) modeling was conducted based on the reconstructed three-dimensional microstructure to simulate compressive deformation behavior. The IC network served as the main stress bearer during deformation. Thin sections in the Al2Cu network were the weak sites where stress concentration and damage first occurred. However, the breakage of this limited region contributes to relatively coordinated deformation and extended plasticity. The breakage of large particles accounts for the final alloy failure. The results of the FE model were compared with the experimentally measured stress-strain behavior and mechanical properties, showing very good agreement. Given the non-uniform distribution of strain and stress during deformation, a strengthening model, merging the Voigt and Reuss models, was also developed to predict the mechanical properties of Al-based entropy alloys with the aim of facilitating Al-based entropy alloy development. Avec le développement de l'économie verte, la demande de alliages d'aluminium (Al) légers présentant un comportement mécanique supérieur à des températures élevées est en constante augmentation. Cependant, les propriétés mécaniques des alliages conventionnels d'Al peuvent se détériorer considérablement à des températures élevées en raison de la grossièreté des précipités et de la nature des alliages. L'émergence des alliages d'entropie a introduit de nouvelles stratégies de conception pour les alliages conventionnels. En intégrant le concept d'entropie dans le développement potentiel des alliages d'Al, les alliages d'entropie à base d'Al sont proposés comme des matériaux prometteurs pour obtenir à la fois des propriétés légères et résistantes. Cependant, en tant que matériaux émergents, les alliages d'entropie à base d'Al ont une courte période de développement et la recherche n'est pas encore systématique et suffisante. Par conséquent, ce projet vise à fournir un aperçu de ce domaine grâce à une enquête approfondie sur les études actuelles. Deux séries d'alliages d'entropie légers à base d'Al, avec des densités inférieures à 4,0 g/cm3, ont été développées pour des applications à des températures élevées (≥ 300 °C). Les mécanismes de renforcement ont également été discutés plus en détail. Dans la première partie, une revue de la littérature sur les alliages d'entropie à base d'Al est présentée. Cette revue offre un aperçu des alliages d'entropie à base d'Al légers, couvrant leur contexte de développement, les principes de conception, les méthodes de fabrication, les microstructures et les propriétés mécaniques, ainsi que les alliages adaptés aux applications à haute température. Une enquête approfondie sur la recherche actuelle sur les alliages d'entropie à base d'Al avec une densité inférieure à 4,0 g/cm3 a été menée sur 122 alliages différents. La relation entre la microstructure et les paramètres thermodynamiques a été analysée. Les alliages d'entropie à base d'Al légers pourraient combler le fossé entre les alliages d'Al conventionnels et ceux de titane en termes de propriétés mécaniques et de densité. Les excellentes stabilités thermiques de ces alliages les rendent attractifs comme matériaux structurels pour une utilisation à des températures élevées. Enfin, les tendances futures dans le domaine des alliages d'entropie à base d'Al légers sont discutées. Dans la deuxième partie, l'évolution microstructurale et les propriétés mécaniques de cinq alliages d'entropie légers Al-Cu-Mg-Zn (Al85Cu5Zn5Mg5, Al74Cu10Zn8Mg8, Al93Cu4Zn1Mg1Cr1, Al84Cu10Zn3Mg2Cr1, et Al77Cu17Zn3Mg2Cr1) ont été étudiées. Les cinq alliages expérimentaux présentaient des caractéristiques légères avec des valeurs de densité allant de 2,95 à 3,63 g/cm3 et des caractéristiques multi-phasées. Les évolutions microstructurales et de phase à des températures élevées ont été caractérisées à l'aide de diffraction des rayons X et de microscopies optique, électronique à balayage et électronique en transmission. Avec l'augmentation de la teneur en Cu, la fraction volumique des composés intermétalliques (CI) a augmenté, entraînant une limite d'élasticité améliorée et une plasticité réduite. La zone GP et les précipités fins de η' étaient des sources efficaces de renforcement dans le fcc-Al, mais ils étaient instables à 300 °C et se transformaient en particules grossières et submicroniques. La principale source de renforcement dans la série d'alliages était le réseau de CI bien interconnecté. Parmi les cinq alliages étudiés, l'Al77Cu17Zn3Mg2Cr1 présentait la limite d'élasticité la plus élevée de 588 MPa à RT et la limite d'élasticité la plus élevée de 199 MPa à 300 °C après une exposition thermique de 100 h. Compte tenu de sa haute résistance et de sa bonne stabilité thermique à 300 °C, cet alliage présente un potentiel prometteur pour des applications à des températures élevées. Dans la troisième partie, une série d'alliages d'entropie légers à base d'Al contenant Cu, Zn, Cr, V, Ti et Fe a été conçue pour des applications à haute température. La microstructure, les propriétés mécaniques à température ambiante et élevée, et la stabilité thermique de six alliages d'entropie (Al93Cu4Zn1Cr1Fe1, Al85Cu11Zn2Cr1Fe1, Al85Cu11Zn1Cr2V1, Al78Cu

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How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.005

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.203
Teacher spread0.196 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Published2024
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Same venueConstellation (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi)French-language works237,207