Mapping Groundwater with Geophysics: Locating and characterising aquifers in the Beaufort Watershed with electrical resistivity surveys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Beaufort Watershed study area on eastern Vancouver Island, groundwater is the primary freshwater supply. More data are needed to improve characterization of the groundwater resource, in order to protect and manage it. Electrical resistivity surveying is a cost-effective remote sensing technique that allows the types of subsurface materials to be inferred. Working with the Beaufort Watershed Stewards, I collected, modelled, and interpreted 11 vertical 1D profiles (~83 m deep) and two vertical 2D profiles (81 m long x 17 m deep) in the study area. I was able to distinguish between different types of geological materials such as sand and gravel, till, clay, and various bedrock types and also whether these materials were dry or water-saturated. Extensive sand and gravel units, which are commonly major sources of groundwater, were only identified throughout the southern part of the study area, with most being water-bearing. A potential source of groundwater spanning the entire study area was the sedimentary bedrock identified in nearly all profiles. The 2D profiles, on either side of the Ships Point peninsula near Fanny Bay, both indicated the presence of saltwater within a sand and gravel unit, implying the occurrence of subsurface seawater proximal to shorelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".