New test method for determining coefficient of thermal expansion of high-performance concrete at early age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new experimental approach to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete at early age, in which sealed concrete prisms (75x75x295mm) are subjected to temperature cycles from 25 to 30°C in an environmental chamber from the time of setting to seven days. The entire test apparatus, including moulds and sensors, was carefully temperature-calibrated to obtain highly accurate measurements. A new calculation method is proposed to eliminate autogenous shrinkage from the measurements before the coefficient of thermal expansion is determined from the thermal deformation obtained as a function of time. For the high-performance concretes tested in this study (with and without internal curing), it was found that the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased towards a minimum value of 8 x 10-6/°C one day after the setting of concrete, and increased gradually up to a value of 10.5 x 10-6/°C at 7 days. The increased concrete moisture due to internal curing did not appear to affect the coefficient of thermal expansion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".