Native language policy and planning in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of Native languages in Canada has been in decline, and these languages are in considerable danger of becoming extinct. While the Native languages in Canada are surrounded by one official language, English, most of the Native languages spoken in Quebec are surrounded by two, English and French. Nevertheless, some of the Native languages spoken in Quebec appear to have maintained their vitality as a result of language planning. In this thesis I argue that the language planning that was carried out in the late 1960s and 1970s in Quebec had a direct effect on the percentage of people who spoke a Native language as a mother tongue in the 1980s and early 1990s. As evidence, I use statistics from Statistics Canada from 1951 to 1991 that document the number of mother-tongue speakers of Native languages in Quebec. These statistics show a definite decline in the percentage of mother-tongue speakers of Native languages before language planning began. Conversely, there was a stabilisation in the percentage of mother-tongue speakers of Native languages after considerable language planning efforts had been undertaken.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".