Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canola is an edible form of rapeseed developed by Canadian plant breeders in the 1970s. Rapeseed and canola are members of the mustard family, which also includes tame and wild mustard, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and turnip. The term “canola” was registered in 1979 by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association as the name for rapeseed varieties with genetically modified oil composition and lowered glucosinolates. Canola varieties must have less than 2% erucic acid in the processed oil and less than 30 micromoles of glucosinolates per gram of oil-free meal. The lowered levels of these two seed components enable the oil to be used for human consumption and the meal to be fed to livestock. Canola seed contains about 40% oil and 23% protein. The oil is high in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic). The meal contains about 36 to 40% protein after oil extraction and is highly palatable. In contrast, rapeseed oil contains 40% or more erucic acid and is used primarily as an industrial lubricant. The high erucic acid content makes rapeseed oil a poor-quality vegetable oil for human consumption. Rapeseed meal contains glucosinolates that lead to palatability and nutritional problems when formulated into animal feeds. China, Canada, and Europe are the major world producers of canola/rapeseed. U.S. canola production has risen from 199,000 acres in 1993 to over 1.1 million acres in 1998. North Dakota and Minnesota lead the U.S. in canola production.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.126 | 0.075 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".