Reproductive trade-offs in the click beetle, Agriotes obscurus, exposed to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several of the more pathogenic fungal species that infect insects have been developed as biological control agents. Adult insects can respond to potentially lifespan-reducing pathogen challenges by fighting infection, allocating resources to resistance over other activities. Alternatively, they can allocate resources to maximizing fecundity in response to early death, the terminal investment hypothesis. The click beetle Agriotes obscurus is an agricultural pest, and the fungus Metarhizium brunneum is being developed as a control agent. I examined the impact of M. brunneum challenge on A. obscurus reproduction and whether this changed under different nutritional conditions in beetles of varying ages. Beetles reduced their preoviposition period in response to fungal-induced decreases in lifespan when they were older, resulting in maintained fecundity, or under starved conditions, although fecundity could not reach the level of fed beetles. These results suggest that M. brunneum should be used early in the season when resources are abundant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".