Range change in Cecropia and Azteca: the effects of climate change on mutualistic partners in Monteverde, Costa Rica, May 2008
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of climate change on the fauna of the Monteverde area has been well documented for vertebrate taxa such as birds, anurans, Norops spp, (Pounds 1999) and bats (LaVal 2004), but like the rest of the world little work has been done on the effects of climate change on invertebrates. This study examines the altitudinal ranges of the four species of Azteca and the three species of Cecropia living between 1500 and 700m in an area from Monteverde-Cerro Plano to San Luis. The current ranges of species are compared to elevations from a 1985 survey by John Longino (Longino 1989) and a 2003 survey by Mazzei (2003). In the last 23 years two species, A. xanthochroa, and A. alfari, are shown to have moved significantly up slope with a change in mean elevation of 103m, and 100m (P= .0018, and .0348). A. constructor shows no evidence for upslope movement but it increased its relative population size threefold over that reported by Longino (1989). The lowermost Azteca, A. coeruleipennis, has not shifted with climate change but its distribution may be restricted by the range of C. peltata. The two ant-housing Cecropia species did not have significant changes in means, but the upper of the two, C.obtusifolia, did show an extension of its range upslope as well as an increase in hybrids between it and the uppermost non-ant-housing species C. angustifolia. These data are unique in showing the effect of climate change on invertebrate populations. Although the impact of climate change on invertebrates throughout the world has been poorly studied, this study suggests that they can be heavily impacted by climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".