Reasons of the return of newly converted into christianity tatar and chuvash people back to islam in the second quarter of the nineteenth century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
© Serials Publications.Relevance of the problem is determined by the fact that by studying the interaction between the Orthodox and Muslim religions in historical retrospect, we can avoid mistakes and can find solutions to problems in church-state and interfaith relations. The beginning of the XIX century was the period of a new phase of inter-confessional relations based on more tolerant principles of interaction between two religious traditions. The unique and highly valuable experience of peaceful coexistence of Christianity and Islam today is in high demand due to rising international tensions and conflicts of civilizations. The article is aimed at the study of the reasons of the return of newly-baptized Tatars back to Islam in the beginning of the XIX century. The article is based on the documents from the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan and published sources of the XIX century. The article deals with inter-ethnic and inter-religious processes took place in the Volga-Ural region in the beginning of the XIX century. Some of the reasons of the return of newly baptized Tatars and Chuvash people back to Islam were studied in the article. The materials of the article can be useful for the further study of this topic as well as for teaching special disciplines on the historical faculties of universities and for teaching national history in higher educational institutions of the country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".