The Right for Aging: Investigating the Interrelations between Negative Aging Stereotypes, Perception of Aging, Older Adults’ Cognitive Performance and Impacts of Cognitive and Exercise Interventions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While research on patterns of cognitive decrements in later life has focused on biological processes, psychosocial processes, such as negative aging stereotypes (NAS), an individual’s learned beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of older adults as a group, and self-perception of aging (SPA), the cognitive evaluation of oneself relative to aging, have also been associated with poorer cognitive performance, decreased well-being, and disengagement from healthy behaviours. For example, it is suggested that NAS is negatively related to verbal memory performance in older adults, although little is known about its potential relationship with other cognitive domains. Furthermore, usual methodologies do not align with clinical procedures, creating a gap between research and clinical settings. Additionally, the literature supports satisfaction with aging as a central aspect of subjective well-being in older age but remains understudied despite evidence of internalized ageism among older adults. Importantly, evidence concerning ways to improve NAS and SPA in older adults is lacking. This is problematic, given that psychological processes may be particularly amenable to interventions. \nThe first manuscript of this thesis explores the relationship between NAS and SPA, and older adults’ cognitive performance. More specifically, we measured explicit and implicit NAS and SPA in older adults. We assessed their verbal and visuospatial memory, working memory and processing speed using a clinical framework. Results showed that higher explicit NAS negatively correlated with verbal and visuospatial memory and processing speed. Explicit NAS predicted processing speed and visuospatial memory, while implicit NAS predicted verbal memory. \nThe second manuscript investigated the effect of aerobic, gross motor abilities, or cognitive training on changing NAS and SPA. Results suggested that a 3-month regimen of either training type led to improvements in SPA independently of better fitness and cognition. On the other hand, NAS remained stable. \nDespite best clinical practice, older adults come into the assessment room with beliefs that may adversely related with their cognitive performance beyond verbal memory. However, SPA can be improved through various types of training, which could reach a broader range of older adults with multiple interests and initial abilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".