Bibliographic record
Abstract
On April 20, 2006, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) issued a final ruling of no injury in an anti-dumping (AD) and countervailing (CV) investigation of Canadian imports of U.S. unprocessed grain corn.The CITT finding reverses an earlier (December 15, 2005) preliminary positive injury finding by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) that had resulted in provisional duties of $1.65 per bushel applied to imported U.S. corn.Following the CITT finding, no further AD/CV duties will be imposed on U.S. corn, and all provisional duties collected following the preliminary CBSA ruling will be refunded.U.S. trade officials, policy makers, and market participants, as well as Canadian corn users, have expressed satisfaction with the CITT ruling.In contrast, Canadian corn growers have voiced disappointment with the CITT ruling and have suggested that they might pursue further trade sanctions against imports of U.S. corn.This report provides background for understanding the U.S. and Canadian corn trade dispute, as well as historical and potential future developments in Canada's investigations of imports of U.S. corn.This report will be updated as events warrant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.025 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".