Understanding Gale crater’s late-stage aqueous history as recorded by B and Li in Ca-sulfate veins.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gale crater is a ~155 km wide crater predominantly consisting of sedimentary rocks including evaporites, that are interpreted to have formed in fluvio-lacustrine conditions over multiple aqueous events.The diagenetically precipitated Ca-sulfate veins in Gale crater contain boron, and their clay-rich sedimentary host rocks contain lithium.B and Li are highly water soluble and fluid pH sensitive elements that are frequently incorporated in evaporites or adsorbed to clay minerals in terrestrial evaporative settings during the last stages of brine evolution.In the case of Gale crater, the Ca-sulfate veins are interpreted to have formed from secondary diagenetic fluid events where primary evaporites, including primary borates, were remobilized to form Bcontaining secondary Ca-sulfate veins, whereas clay-rich sedimentary rocks are interpreted to contain Li due to adsorption of Li on clay minerals.In terrestrial settings, borate formation is dependent on acidic fluid conditions followed by drying whereas adsorption of Li and B on clay minerals is dependent on alkaline fluid conditions.In this study, we use Curiosity rover data analysis, thermochemical modeling and terrestrial analog samples analyses to determine the distribution of B and Li in phases identified in both Gale crater and the terrestrial analogs to establish relative fluid pH and seasonal environmental conditions that led to the formation of B and Li containing secondary Ca-sulfate veins in Gale crater.We analyzed Ca-sulfate veins in Gale crater to determine the B and Li concentrations and trends between the abundance of these elements.We also modify a widely accepted Martian fluid composition to include B and Li in order to thermochemically model seasonal cycles in Gale crater.Following this we analyzed terrestrial analog samples from Southern California region to ground truth the observations made in Gale crater and the results of the Gale-relevant model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".