Wie lernten Triestiner einmal Deutsch? – Grammatiken der deutschen Sprache für Italiener in der Biblioteca Civica von Trieste (vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zum ersten Viertel des 20. Jahrhunderts)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article focuses on some grammar books published between the 18th century and the first quarter of the 20th century that are available in the Trieste City Library. Trieste belonged to the Habsburg Empire until 1918 and played an important role as its most important port. As a result, knowledge of German also represented an added value for the population. Our interest is in the way German was learned in Trieste at that time by looking at the most widely used grammars. Until the beginning of the 20th century, grammar books had three main features: 1. the predominant presence of Italian as an indispensable aid to learning German, 2. translation exercises, especially from Italian into German, so that the use of certain frequent phrases could turn into translation routines, and 3. lists of vocabulary for learners to memorise. At the turn of the 20th century, the content of readings and exercises changed. There was a transition from topics of a general nature, including literary ones, to topics that attempted to impart cultural knowledge in the broadest sense, which also reflected the change in the socio-political climate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".