Особливості психоемоційного стану та когнітивних функцій у пацієнтів із ранніми стадіями хвороби Паркінсона
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess psychoemotional and cognitive characteristics in patients at the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by neuropsychological and neurophysiological examinations.Materials and methods. A total of 40 PD patients with Hoehn and Yahr stage I–II (19 patients with stage I PD and 21 patients with stage II PD) were examined. A general physical examination and examination of the nervous system were performed in each group of patients. Neuropsychological characteristics were studied with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS UPDRS), the Beck Depression Inventory, Starkstein Apathy Scale, Zung Anxiety Rating Scale, Vein Night Sleep Scale, Boston Stress Test. The cognitive functions were examined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and cognitive evoked potentials (CEP) P300.Results. A significant increase in PD symptoms (motor and non-motor) severity (P ˂ 0.001) according to MDS UPDRS data depending on PD stage was found. The anxiety level (P = 0.02) according to Zung Anxiety Rating Scale data and apathy level (P = 0.026) measured by Starkstein Apathy Scale, were significantly higher at stage II PD. Cognitive impairments were worsened according to the MoCA scale (P = 0.003) in 87.5 % of the patients. The prolongation of N2 latency in the right frontal area (P = 0.05) and P300 latency in all brain areas (P ˂ 0.01) were observed in stage II PD patients.Conclusions. There was a significant difference between PD symptoms severity (motor and non-motor) in stage I and II PD patients according to MDS UPDRS. Stage II PD patients were characterized by worse cognitive impairments, increased level of anxiety and apathy as compared to stage I PD patients. The difference between cognitive decline severity in patients with PD depending on the stage was confirmed by P300 latency prolongation in stage II PD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".