Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from wild small mammals and soil in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Escherichia coli' isolates from wild small mammal fecal samples and soil samples collected from swine farms, recreation parks, and nature reserves across Ontario were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. 'Escherichia coli' isolates from both fecal and soil samples collected on swine farms were more likely to be resistant to >=1 antimicrobial agent than those collected on recreation parks or nature reserves. Additionally, on swine farms, we found no significant association between trap distance from the main swine barn and prevalence of resistance to >=1 antimicrobial agent suggesting that antimicrobial resistance may be widespread in farm environments. Wild small mammal fecal samples and soil samples collected from the same environment had similar frequencies of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and resistance genes. This indicates that resistance genes and/or bacteria may be exchanged between both soil and wild small mammals, and both may act as reservoirs of resistant bacteria in the environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".