Bibliometric analysis on authentic leadership
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies on school leadership have proven that effective leadership is crucial for improving school outcomes. School leaders have an indirect impact on students’ learning performance through their roles in influencing the teachers’ attitudes and behaviour outcomes. Leaders with authentic leadership portray good values, lead with integrity, motivate their employees and be transparent with their intention, leading to desirable work attitudes and behaviours. This paper aimed to provide a detailed analysis of bibliometric review on authentic leadership with Publish or Perish software for incorporating the obtained data. Meanwhile, VOSviewer was employed for data visualization, and the Scopus database was utilized to collect all literature in authentic leadership. A total of 706 articles were clarified and evaluated from various authentic and qualified journals starting from 1997 to 2021 (24 years). The studies related to authentic leadership have a significant increase from the earliest 2 in 1997 to 100 articles in 2020. The United States of America, Canada, and United Kingdom made the three most contributions to the literature associated with authentic leadership research, while the top journal was Leadership Quarterly. Findings indicated that the numbers of related research on authentic leadership in the educational field were limited compared to other fields. Therefore, researchers and practitioners should give more attention to developing and improving the research on authentic leadership.
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Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.039 | 0.089 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it