Bibliometric analysis on authentic leadership
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies on school leadership have proven that effective leadership is crucial for improving school outcomes. School leaders have an indirect impact on students’ learning performance through their roles in influencing the teachers’ attitudes and behaviour outcomes. Leaders with authentic leadership portray good values, lead with integrity, motivate their employees and be transparent with their intention, leading to desirable work attitudes and behaviours. This paper aimed to provide a detailed analysis of bibliometric review on authentic leadership with Publish or Perish software for incorporating the obtained data. Meanwhile, VOSviewer was employed for data visualization, and the Scopus database was utilized to collect all literature in authentic leadership. A total of 706 articles were clarified and evaluated from various authentic and qualified journals starting from 1997 to 2021 (24 years). The studies related to authentic leadership have a significant increase from the earliest 2 in 1997 to 100 articles in 2020. The United States of America, Canada, and United Kingdom made the three most contributions to the literature associated with authentic leadership research, while the top journal was Leadership Quarterly. Findings indicated that the numbers of related research on authentic leadership in the educational field were limited compared to other fields. Therefore, researchers and practitioners should give more attention to developing and improving the research on authentic leadership.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.113 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.224 | 0.278 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".