The Black Market Trade in Chlorofluorocarbons: The Montreal Protocol Makes Banned Refrigerants a Hot Commodity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anderson Cancer Center) [hereinafter Kripke Testimony].Even a small increase in the amount of UV-B radiation present in sunlight is likely to have important consequences for plant and animal life on earth and will almost certainly jeopardize human health.In addition to causing basal, squamous, and melanoma cancers of the skin and damage to the eye in the form of cataracts, UV-B radiation has also been shown to reduce the body's immunity to infectious agents.Id.See also Environmental Aspects of the Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (paper presented by UNEP at the Meeting of Experts on the Ozone Layer, Washington, D.C., March 1977), reprinted in The Ozone Layer (A.Biswas ed.1979) 1,2 [hereinafter Biswas].Such increases in ultraviolet radiation can also have destructive consequences on terrestrial and aquatic plants.See generally Teremura, Overview of Our Current State of Knowledge of UV Effects on Plants, in 1 EFFECrS OF CHANGES IN STRATOSPHERIC OZONE AND GLOBAL CIMATE 4, 165 (1986) [hereinafter Stratospheric Ozone].Many species of phytoplankton, the beginning of the oceanic food chain, can also be severely damaged by ultraviolet radiation.Such damage could have serious implications for the world's food-supply as we increasingly depend upon the ocean's resources.See generally Worrest, The Effect of Solar UV-B Radiation on Aquatic Systems: An Overview, in STRATOSPHERIC OZONE, id at 175.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.020 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.057 | 0.022 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".