Characterization of innate immune response to «Nicotiana benthamiana»-derived Influenza H5 virus-like particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current influenza vaccine manufacturing processes using chickenembryonated egg technology is a time-consuming and laborious process, and is currently the major drawback in counteracting pandemic influenza strain.One solution to that problem is the use of plants to generate vaccine antigen.Virus-like particles (VLP), produced from the tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana, represent a cost-effective, alternative platform for influenza vaccine production.Previous studies have shown that the immunization with VLP expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) protein from influenza virus H5N1 (H5-VLP) produced in N. benthamianainduce protective immunity against challenge of cross-clade virus in mice and ferrets.In this study, we used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to characterize the innate immune response to plantderived influenza H5-VLP ex vivo.We successfully demonstrate the mitogenic property of H5-VLP on PBMC ex vivo.Furthermore, we detect up-regulation of activation marker in B cells and NK cells, and some T cells.Cytokine profile of the supernatant from VLP-stimulated sample suggests that inflammatory response dominates the innate immunity within first 48 hours and is produced by CD14+ monocytes.Our study demonstrates that tobacco plant-derived influenza VLP are capable of generating innate immune responses in nave human PBMC, helping us to better understand the immunostimulatory nature of this potential vaccine candidate.vi Rsum A l'heure actuelle, la plupart des vaccins contre les infections par le virus influenza sont produits partir d'oeufs de poule fconds.Ce procd long et fastidieux constitue l'un des principaux obstacles la production rapide d'un vaccin lors d'une pandmie.Une solution ce problme consiste en l'utilisation de plantes afin de gnrer les antignes ncessaires l'laboration du vaccin.Les pseudovirus ou Virus-like particles (VLP) produites partir de la plante de tabac Nicotiana benthamiana reprsentent une alternative moins couteuse et plus rapide pour la production de vaccins antigrippaux.Des tudes pralables ont dmontr qu'une immunisation avec les VLP exprimant l'hmagglutinine (HA) du virus influenza H5N1 (H5-VLP) induisaient une immunit protective lors d'une infection par ce virus chez la souris et le furet.Dans notre tude, nous avons utilis les cellules mononucles du sang priphrique humain (PBMC) afin de prciser la rponse immunitaire inne suite l'exposition ex vivo aux H5-VLP produites dans N. benthamiana.Nous avons dmontr les proprits mitogniques des H5-VLP sur les PBMC ainsi qu'une activation des lymphocytes B, des cellules NK et de certaines sous populations de lymphocytes T. L'analyse des cytokines scrtes dans le surnageant des PBMC exposs ex vivo aux VLP suggre qu'une rponse pro-inflammatoire prdomine 48h aprs exposition et semble rsulter essentiellement d'une activation des monocytes CD14+.Notre tude dmontre que les VLP produites partir de la plante de tabac gnrent une rponse immunitaire inne dans les PBMC provenant vii de patients nafs, nous permettant ainsi de mieux comprendre les proprits immunostimulantes de ce nouveau type de vaccin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".