THE CASE FOR THE GLOBAL STRATOTYPE SECTION AND POINT(GSSP) FOR THE BASE OF THE NORIAN STAGE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Norian Stage is the longest stage in the Phanerozoic, and some members of the boundary working group have been evaluating suitable Carnian-Norian boundary sections for roughly two decades. This has identified two possible candidate boundary sections, at Black Bear Ridge (British Columbia, Canada) and Pizzo Mondello (Sicily, Italy). After a formal voting procedure within the working group, ending on the 26th July, 2021, the Pizzo Mondello section was selected as the global stratotype section and point for the base of the Norian. We evaluated the global correlation potential of the two proposed primary markers, the conodont Metapolygnathus parvus and the ‘flat-clam’ Halobia austriaca. Secondary markers were also evaluated around these boundary datums for correlation potential, and the veracity of the proposed sections for GSSP status. Data and arguments for the proposed sections and datums are presented here. Through a two-stage process of option elimination in voting, conforming with ICS guidelines, the working group decided by 60% majority to propose that the first occurrence datum of Halobia austriaca in the Pizzo Mondello section at the base of bed FNP135A should become the ‘golden spike’ for the base of the Norian. A secondary biotic marker for this boundary is the first occurrence of Primatella (Carnepigondolella) gulloae, in sample NA43, ca. 0 m below FNP135A, and the FA of Dimorphites noricus (sample NA42.1) ca. 3.5 m above bed FNP135 (indicating the first subzone of the Jandianus Zone). The best physical secondary marker is the magnetozone PM5n with the proposed boundary ca.40% through the thickness of PM5n. Strengths of the chosen datum are: 1) it also maintains historical priority for ammonoid zonations, which had placed the base Norian near to this level in Europe, North America and probably NE Asia; 2) Halobia austriaca is widely distributed in all paleolatitudes and is a long-established taxon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".