Culture and cultural immersion modulate the brain response to human expressions of emotion: electrophysiological evidence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Communicating feelings and emotions with each other using multiple cues (e.g., facial expressions, prosodic cues, body postures, etc.) is a common and essential part of our daily life and vital to human's survival as social beings. Meanwhile, as the phenomenon of cultural exchanges is multiplying around the world, it is not unusual that emotional communication occurs between people from different cultural backgrounds, where misunderstandings are likely to be encountered due to culturally-varied rules and routines for social communication. A comprehensive investigation of the culturally-specified biases in communicating multi-sensory emotions, which might potentially help eliminate misunderstandings and promote relations between different cultural groups, is still ongoing. To understand the impact of different types of cultural experiences on both off-line and on-line responses to emotional information, this thesis examined emotion processing in three cultural groups by measuring behavior and event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Study 1 compared individuals from two cultures, English-speaking North Americans and Chinese, in how they process multimodal emotional cues. Results of an emotional Stroop task and an Oddball task demonstrated marked group differences at distinct processing stages as reflected in behavioural accuracy, N400, and visual MMN ERP components, with English participants showing higher sensitivity to faces than Chinese, whereas Chinese were influenced to a larger extent by vocal cues. Study 2 further explored how the experiences of cultural immersion and adaptation modulate emotion processing by testing a third group--Chinese immigrants to Canada--in identical tasks to those of Study 1. In comparison with the data of the Chinese and English groups from the first study, the immigrants showed a similar behavioural response pattern to the English group in processing multi-sensory emotions, but analogous patterns in N400 and vMMN to the Chinese group. Interestingly, correlation analyses indicated that longer stays of the immigrants in Canada were associated with ERP patterns resembling the English group. This thesis provides significant evidence on the modulating effects of culture and cultural immersion on human's behavioural and neural responses to emotional expressions at multiple processing stages, and advances our understanding of human's neuro-cognitive plasticity in socio-emotional communication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".