Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bicyclic dual covalent inhibitors as cancer therapeutics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Azabicycloalkane amino acids are bicyclic mimics of dipeptides, belonging to the class of peptidomimetics.The substitution of natural amino acids with azabicycloalkane amino acids often maintain the high efficacy and tolerability exhibited by peptide drugs while simultaneously enhancing their pharmacokinetic properties.Hence, in the last few years, numerous investigations regarding the design, conformation, and preparation of these constrained amino acids have been conducted.In this thesis, we took advantage of such bicyclic scaffolds to design new dual covalent inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) are two proline-specific serine peptidases, involved in various cancers.While FAP is only expressed in activated fibroblasts located in an extracellular matrix around tumors, POP was found to promote angiogenesis allowing tumor nutrient and oxygen supply.However, it is only recently that studies revealed the benefit of inhibiting both targets simultaneously.In 2009, our group reported a method to synthesize thiaza-and oxaza-azabicycloalkane peptidomimetics as POP inhibitors, however, none of these molecules turned out to be active on FAP.To probe the geometrical requirements associated with the simultaneous inhibition of POP and FAP, a structureactivity relationship study including the synthesis and binding kinetic evaluation of small monocyclic dipeptide probes have been performed.From this study, it was deduced that such inhibitor should be neutral, exhibit a specific conformation and feature a reactive covalent moiety such as a boronic acid.Considering these specific requirements, chiral 5-5 and 6-5 azabicycloalkane α-amino boronic acid pharmacophores were designed.To synthesize those compounds, three different methods featuring decarboxylative borylation, copper-catalysed asymmetric borylation or Matteson homologation have been proposed.Notwithstanding the knowledge acquired through those attempts, the reactivity of the boron, as well as the conformational constraints imposed by those 5,5 and 6,5 fused rings, remained the most important challenges to overcome. RésuméLes acides aminés azabicycloalcanes sont des mimétiques bicycliques de dipeptides appartenant à la classe des peptidomimétiques.La substitution d'acides aminés naturels par des acides aminés azabicycloalcanes maintient souvent l'efficacité et la tolérabilité élevées des médicaments peptidiques tout en améliorant leurs propriétés pharmacocinétiques.Par conséquent, au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses études concernant la conception, la conformation et la préparation de ces acides aminés bicycliques ont été menées.Dans cette thèse, nous avons tiré profit de ces structures bicycliques pour concevoir de nouveaux inhibiteurs doubles et covalents comme agents thérapeutiques contre le cancer.La prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) et protéine-α d'activation du fibroblaste (FAP) sont deux peptidases à sérines spécifiques de la proline, impliquées dans divers cancers.Alors que FAP est seulement exprimée dans les fibroblastes activés constituant une matrice extracellulaire autour des tumeurs, POP, quant à elle, favorise l'angiogenèse permettant l'apport de nutriments et d'oxygène jusqu'à la tumeur.Cependant, ce n'est que récemment que des études ont révélé l'avantage d'inhiber simultanément les deux cibles.En 2009, notre groupe a rapporté une méthode pour synthétiser des azabicycloalcanes soufrés et oxygénés, en tant qu'inhibiteurs de POP, mais aucune de ces molécules ne s'est avérée être active sur FAP.Pour sonder les exigences géométriques associées à l'inhibition simultanée de POP et de FAP, une étude de la relation structure-activité comprenant l'évaluation cinétique et la synthèse de petites sondes dipeptidiques monocycliques a été réalisée.A partir de cette étude, nous avons déduit qu'un tel inhibiteur devrait être neutre, présenter une conformation spécifique et comporter un groupe covalent réactif tel qu'un acide boronique.Compte tenu de ces exigences spécifiques, des pharmacophores chiraux d'acides aminés 5-5 et 6-5-bicyclique ont été conçus.Dès lors, nous avons envisagé trois différentes méthodes incluant une borylation décarboxylative, une borylation asymétrique catalysée au cuivre ou une homologation de Matteson afin de synthétiser ces molécules.Malgré les connaissances acquises grâce à ces tentatives, la réactivité du bore, ainsi que les contraintes conformationnelles imposées par ces bicycles fusionnés, restent encore des défis importants à surmonter.I learned a lot and was able to acquire real problem-solving and research skills in organic and medicinal chemistry.I am very thankful for Chantal Marotte who has provided me, during these two years, administrative but also personal support, advices and guidance.I would like to also thank the McGill chemistry department staff especially Alexander Whaba, Nadim Saade and Robin Stein who were always available for helping me with analytical tools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".