Development of porous/dense implant using titanium powder injection overmolding on Ti-foam inserts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Porous surfaces have been used for many years to enhance osteointegration and bone-implant interface of various orthopaedic implants. Different techniques have been developed to apply porous coating on dense implants. This paper presents an alternative method to depose dense titanium on porous titanium. Titanium foam inserts were produced using a powder metallurgy approach. These inserts were then inserted in a mold having the geometry of the final component and a titanium MIM feedstock was injected over the inserts. The composite green parts were then treated following a standard MIM procedure. Two levels of porosity and titanium grades were studied. During molding, the MIM feedstock partially infiltrates the porosity of the foam. After sintering, a sound interface between the foam and dense titanium is obtained. This new production approach may enable the design of complex orthopaedic implants with foams integrated at various locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".