Does aquaculture impact benthic algal ecology? a study on the effect of an experimental cage aquaculture operation on epilithic biofilms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Epilithic biofilms were monitored for potential impacts of an experimental rainbow trout aquaculture operation at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Metabolic and particulate samples were collected from the middle littoral zone of the experimental and reference lakes before and during the aquaculture operation. Phosphorus stocks in the experimental lake (epilimnetic and epilithic) increased as a result of both food waste and fish excretion. These cumulative P inputs were predicted to increase epilithic biomass and productivity, cause major compositional changes in the dominant groups and increase epilithic algal toxin production (microcystins). However, no major aquaculture-related changes in algal biomass, productivity, toxins or group dominance were observed in the epilithon. The only observed changes occurred at the species-level. These species-level changes were transient but did allude to an ecosystem reacting to stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".