Evaluation of pipeline performance subjected to slope instabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The horizontal soil-pipe interaction in slopes is characterized in this research program for inclusion in pipeline guidelines. For this purpose, a series of full-scale experiments were conducted at the Advanced Soil-Pipe Interaction Research (ASPIRe™) testing facility at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. The experimental data indicated that the soil load is an increasing function of the slope grade for soil springs inside the landslide boundaries and a decreasing function of the slope grade for soil springs outside the landslide boundaries. The lateral force-displacement responses of pipes installed below sloping ground were presented and compared to those arising from the level ground condition. The experimental results suggest that the values of the horizontal bearing capacity factor can be two-fold higher than those estimated using pipeline guidelines. A finite element model was calibrated against the experimental data and was implemented in an extensive parametric study to extend the results to deep embedment conditions for loose, medium, and dense sands. The horizontal bearing capacity factors are presented in dimensionless graphs as a function of the slope grade and pipe burial depth, which can be used in pipeline guidelines as a benchmark for the design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".