AN EXAMINATION ON ONLINE LIFE INSURANCE PRICING: Differences between retaiers and financial services companies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid growth of the Internet has promoted the online purchase of life insurance. This dissertation attempt to examine the online quoting price of term life insurance from different insurance providers which include specialised insurance companies: Norwich Union, broker: The AA, banks: Halifax and Nationwide and supermarket retailers: Sainsburys and ASDA. The prices of term life insurance with Critical Illness Cover from three companies are also examined, which include The AA, Halifax and Norwich Union. The result indicates that the lowest price is offered by the broker (The AA), followed by supermarkets (ASDA and Sainsburys), then followed the specialised insurance company (Norwich Union), then the highest prices come from banks (Nationwide and Halifax). However, the elasticity of piece with respect to age is higher for supermarket than for banks. The AA offers the most expensive term life insurance with Critical Illness Cover among three companies. At the same time, there is relatively low price dispersion across the Internet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".