Experimental thermal-hydraulic study of a supercritical CO2 natural circulation loop
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental thermal-hydraulic study of a rectangular supercritical CO2 natural-circulation loop with a horizontal heated channel was conducted at different steady-state conditions. These included different system pressures and three different inlet temperatures, with different inlet and outlet valve openings. Approximately, 450 experimental steady-state data-points were collected. The data include measurements of pressure-drop along the heated channel, pressure-drop across inlet and outlet valves, applied heat on the heated channel, pressure, temperature and flow-rate. Steady-state curves of mass flow-rate versus power, outlet temperature versus power, and detailed information of frictional pressure drop and local head loss coefficients were produced. Comparison showed that for the available experimental set-up, computed frictional pressure-drops fell within 1-1.20 of the Blasius formula prediction. Moreover, flow oscillations were observed in several cases when outlet temperature of CO2 was higher than the pseudo-critical temperature on the negative slope part of the mass flow-rate versus power curve.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".