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Record W7047283487

Examining age-and sex-related risk factors in first-time driving while impaired offenders

2013· dissertation· en· W7047283487 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueeScholarship@McGill (McGill) · 2013
Typedissertation
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicMagnetic confinement fusion research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychosocialImpulsivityInjury preventionPoison controlPopulationSuicide preventionHuman factors and ergonomics
DOInot available

Abstract

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Background: Driving while impaired (DWI) research has focused on younger males, the drivers who are at greatest risk for DWI.Consequently, much less is known about female and older offenders.Quebec population data demonstrate a bimodal distribution in first-time driving while impaired (fDWI) offences, a pattern also observed internationally.Male fDWI offending peaks between the ages of 18 to 25 years with a second smaller peak between 35 to 44 years.In contrast, females fDWI offending peaks between the ages of 36 to 47 years with a smaller peak between 20 to 27 years.These observations suggest that the trajectory to fDWI offending is influenced by interactions between sex and age.Research suggests that male DWI offending reflects impulsivity and risk-taking while female DWI offending reflects problematic drinking related to psychosocial stressors and symptoms of psychopathology.The heterogeneity among DWI offenders suggests that an approach involving examination of risk factors between subgroups rather than comparing offenders to non-DWI control group is more appropriate.This study adds to the literature by using a subgroup analysis design to compare fDWI offenders based on age and sex.Aims: To explore how sex and age may interact to influence the trajectory to fDWI through patterning of alcohol consumption, psychological adjustment and impulsivity.Methods: Younger and older males and females arrested for a fDWI offence within the past two years were recruited.Participants were administered a series of questionnaires assessing alcohol consumption, symptoms of psychopathology, and impulsivity.Two computer tasks assessing risk-taking were also administered.ii Results: Thirty-six participants were recruited: younger females (n = 9, M age = 23.22 years, SD = 2.22), younger males (n = 12, M age = 21.67 years, SD = 2.43), older males (n = 12, M age = 40.08years, SD = 6.31), older females (n = 3, M age = 43.67 years, SD = 2.08).In partial support of hypotheses, results indicated that younger females engaged in more binge drinking, endorsed greater symptoms of alcohol misuse, and scored higher on urgency impulsivity than both younger and older males.No significant findings were observed between older females and all other groups.Conclusion: fDWI offending among younger females appear to be related to binge drinking and emotion-related impulsivity as compared to males.Younger females appear to be different than male offenders of all ages.These findings suggest that female fDWI is not analogous to male fDWI, a postulate that may need to be considered for targeting intervention/prevention efforts at female fDWI offenders.iii Résumé Contexte: La recherche sur la conduite avec capacités affaiblies (CCA) a principalement été effectuée sur les jeunes hommes, les conducteurs ayant le plus haut risque de CCA, ce qui fait en sorte que nous avons peu de connaissances sur les femmes contrevenantes et les contrevenants âgés en général.Les données sur la population québécoise démontrent une distribution bimodale quant à l'âge lors des premières infractions de CCA, une tendance qui s'observe aussi au niveau international.Les premières infractions de CCA chez les hommes atteignent leur sommet entre 18 et 25 ans, puis un second pic est observé entre 35 et 44 ans.Au contraire, les premières infractions de CCA chez les femmes atteignent leur sommet entre 36 et 47 ans tandis qu'un pic moins élevé est observé entre 20 et 27 ans.Ces observations laissent supposer que la trajectoire vers la première infraction de CCA est influencée par des interactions entre le sexe et l'âge.La recherche sur le sujet suggère que la CCA chez les hommes serait associée à l'impulsivité et à la prise de risque tandis que la CCA chez les femmes serait plutôt associée à une consommation d'alcool problématique liée à des stresseurs psychosociaux et des symptômes de psychopathologie.Objectifs : Cette étude préliminaire explore comment le sexe et l'âge peuvent interagir pour influencer la trajectoire vers une première infraction de CCA en fonction des patterns de consommation d'alcool, de l'ajustement psychologique et de l'impulsivité.Méthodes: Nous avons recruté des contrevenants primaires de la CCA ayant commis leur infraction au cours des deux dernières années.Nous leurs avons administré une série de questionnaires portant sur la consommation d'alcool, les iv symptômes de psychopathologie et l'impulsivité.Deux tâches à l'ordinateur sur la prise de risque ont aussi été administrées.Résultats: Nous avons recruté trente-six participants: jeunes femmes (n = 9, âge moyen = 23.22,É.T. = 2.22), jeunes hommes (n = 12, âge moyen = 21.67,É.T. = 2.43), hommes plus âgés (n = 12, âge moyen = 40.08,É.T. = 6.31), femmes plus âgées (n = 3, âge moyen = 43.67,É.T. = 2.08).Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes femmes présentaient plus d'épisodes de consommation excessive d'alcool, davantage de symptômes de consommation d'alcool problématique et obtenaient des scores plus élevés à la sous-échelle d'urgence de l'échelle d'impulsivité que les hommes jeunes et plus âgés, ce qui soutient en partie les hypothèses de départ.Aucun résultat significatif n'a été observé entre les femmes plus âgées et les autres groupes.Conclusions: La première infraction de CCA chez les jeunes femmes semble liée à des épisodes de consommation excessive d'alcool et à l'impulsivité associée aux émotions, comparativement aux hommes.Les jeunes femmes contrevenantes semblent être différentes des hommes contrevenants de tous les âges.Les résultats suggèrent que la première infraction de CCA chez les femmes n'est pas analogue à celle chez les hommes, un postulat qui devrait être pris en compte dans les stratégies de prévention et d'interventions auprès des femmes contrevenantes primaires de la CCA.

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How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.036
Threshold uncertainty score0.072

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.230
Teacher spread0.212 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2013
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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