Hijos de Melqart. Justino (44.5) y la <em>koiné</em> tiria entre los siglos IV y III a.C.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a new interpretation of Justin's (44.5) passage on Carthaginian rule in the Iberian Peninsula, which wouldn't begin with the foundation of Gadir, but of a colony by the Gaditanians, with the participation of the temple of Melqart of Tyre. We identify that colony with Carteia, founded in the second quarter of the 4th century BC with the intervention of the tyrian Melqart as archegetes. This episode allows for a better understanding of the relationships within a network of communities that recognise Tyre as their motherland and that are bound by kinship ties through the figure of Melqart. Carthaginian military aid to Gadir, in mid-4th century BC, should be explained within this network. In addition, this reading confirms the Carthaginian establishment of some territorial dominions in the Iberian Peninsula before the Barcids, which leads us to date Atlantic explorations such as Hanno and Himilco's in the second half of the 4th century BC. Proponemos una nueva interpretación del pasaje de Justino (44.5) relativo al dominio cartaginés en la Península Ibérica, que no se iniciaría con la fundación de Gadir, sino de una colonia por parte de los gaditanos con la participación del templo de Melqart de Tiro. Identificamos esa colonia con Carteia, fundada en el segundo cuarto del siglo iv a.C. con la intervención del Melqart tirio en calidad de archegetes. Este episodio permite una comprensión más completa de las relaciones en el seno de la koiné identitaria tiria, una red de comunidades que reconocen, en Tiro a su madre patria y se vinculan por lazos de parentesco a través de la figura de Melqart. La intervención militar cartaginesa en auxilio de Gadir, a mediados del siglo IV a.C., se explicaría en el seno de esa red y confirmaría el establecimiento por parte de Cartago de ciertas bases territoriales en la Península antes de los Bárquidas, lo que invita a datar en la segunda mitad del siglo IV a.C. exploraciones atlánticas como las de Hannón e Himilcón.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".