Human disturbance, host dispersal, and hybridization influence blood parasite communities in a threatened songbird species: the golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The golden-winged warbler is a threatened species in Canada, and the impact of blood parasites to the conservation of this species is poorly understood. I investigated whether landscape cover of agriculture, local human disturbance, historical dispersal of golden-winged warblers, and hybridization with a closely related species affected the prevalence of parasites in this species. Golden-winged warbler populations that had more recently colonized an area, and had higher landscape cover of agriculture, were more likely to be infected with Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus parasites. Golden-winged warblers with local home ranges containing more rangeland were more likely to be infected with Haemoproteus, and hybrid golden-winged x blue-winged warblers were more likely to be infected with Leucocytozoon than pure golden-winged warblers. Because blood parasite communities in golden-winged warblers are shaped by factors that are important to conservation, their role is worth further exploration for this and other species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".