Immunization schedule in Ukraine: history of implementation and list of vaccines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. Vaccination is a global health success story that saves millions of lives (WHO). Every year, thanks to it, it is possible to prevent 3.5-5 million deaths from such diseases as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, influenza and measles. The purpose of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of changes in the Immunization schedule of Ukraine for 1996-2022 and establish a list of registered vaccines in accordance with it. Material & methods. The research materials were the orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine. The method of data systematization, generalization and comparative analysis was used. Results & discussion. A study of the history of immunization schedule of Ukrainian for 1996-2022 showed that during this time the scheme of mandatory vaccination against measles did not change, but against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, epidemic parotitis and rubella – changed, mainly with regard to the timing of revaccination. Also, since 2011, vaccination against hepatitis B has been included in the immunization schedule . As of April 2024, 30 vaccines have been registered in Ukraine to ensure the vaccination calendar, the production of which involves 39 manufacturers from different countries, the largest of which are from Belgium and India (8 each, 20.5% each), France (6, 15.4%), Hungary (5, 12.8%) and Indonesia (4, 10.3%). The largest number of vaccines are produced by Sanofy (France, Hungary, Canada) (12 vaccines, 30.8%), GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A., Belgium (8, 20.5%) and Serum Institute of India. Pvt. Ltd., India (7, 17.9%). Most vaccines (10, 33.3%) are intended for vaccination against one of the diseases (hepatitis B, tuberculosis, measles, poliomyelitis 1, 2, 3 types, poliomyelitis 1 and 3 types). Concliusions. Changes in immunization schedule of Ukraine for the period 1996 - 2022 mainly related to vaccination schemes against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, epidemic parotitis and rubella, and since 2011 vaccination against hepatitis B has been introduced as mandatory. The schedule provides for the prevention of 10 infectious diseases, while currently 30 relevant vaccines are registered in Ukraine. Keywords: vaccination, immunization schedule, vaccines
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".