The impact of flight feather loss and exercise involving inclines on the main flight muscles, keel bone health and aerial descent in domestic laying hens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Domestic chicken are bipedal birds that are capable of terrestrial and aerial locomotion. As flapping flight is energetically costly, chickens may use a combination of their hindlimbs and wings to locomote; however, little is known about the relationship between the keel bone, the flight muscles that anchor to it and the chickens’ ability to navigate their environment. Therefore, this thesis investigated the effects of feather loss (Chapter 2) and exercise using inclines on flight muscle architecture, keel bone fractures (Chapter 3) and flight kinematics (Chapter 4). Altogether, the results of this thesis address gaps in knowledge on flight muscle architecture in laying hens. Although exercise did not influence flight muscle properties and subsequently had little effect on keel fracture prevalence, it did benefit the hindlimbs, producing faster take-off velocities and allowed white-feathered birds to have slower accelerations, contributing to more efficient transitions to the air and safer landings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".