THE IMPACT OF THE DIAL ACCESS AND SASKATCHEWAN CONSUMER DRUG INFORMATION SERVICES ON PATIENTS' CLINICAL OUTCOME
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although drug information centres are thought to play a prominent role in meeting the drug information needs of both consumers and health care professionals, there is little information in the literature evaluating the effect of these services on patient outcomes. We conducted a study to determine if the Dial Access Drug Information Service and the Saskatchewan Consumer Drug Information Service impacted positively on a patient's clinical outcome. Drug information requests were eligible for the study if the following criteria were met: the request was patient specific, the service made a recommendation involving the patient's therapy, and the requester of the information was willing to participate in the study. For each request, a desired therapeutic outcome was documented. Each inquirer was asked to rate the impact of the service with respect to patient outcome as well as their opinion of objectivity and timeliness of the response. A panel of specialists determined whether the responses and recommendations given by the service were appropriate; what impact the service had on the patient; and assessed the "seriousness" of the inquiry. A total of 98 and 68 patient specific requests were received in the health care section and consumer section, respectively. The expert panel concluded that 94.9% of the health care requests and 98.5% of the consumer requests were answered appropriately and the majority of the requests involved potentially serious drug-related problems. The panel also determined that 46.8% of the recommendations in the health care section and 41.0% of the recommendations in the consumer section resulted in positive patient outcomes. For a significant number of queries, tangible outcomes could not be measured but the patient benefited from the information supplied by the drug information pharmacist in 24.7% of the health care professional queries and 42.6% of the consumer queries. Based on these results and the inquirers' opinion, the Dial Access Drug Information Service and the Consumer Drug Information Service provides drug information in an accurate, unbiased, timely manner and the services benefit the patient. However, it is difficult to determine if the service impacts positively on patient outcome because it is not the primary care giver; it is a support service which assists health care professionals in achieving specific patient outcomes. Further studies are necessary to develop criteria for acceptable standards of practice for drug information centres in order to ensure these services are impacting positively on patient care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".