Informal Resistance in the Global City : Responses to Socio-Spatial Polarization in Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By drawing on concepts of two sociological fields, urban sociology and social movement theory, I aim to study the emergence of forms of informal resistance which can be interpreted as responses to urban dynamics that have emerged in global cities. Using the concept of resistance allows for taking into account not only mass mobilizations but also practices that can be described as informal and that are part of the city dwellers everyday life. I study these practices developed by marginalized urban actors by taking Toronto and, more specifically, the neighbourhood Parkdale as an example. With an ethnographic research design based on participant observation and walking interviews with inhabitants, I seek to better understand how in connection with their lived experiences, their interpretations of the local changes and their attachment to their place of residence city dwellers resist against the increased sociospatial polarization and try to participate in the making of their city. I further investigate if and how small-scale resistance leads to the emergence of new ideas and claims concerning the future of the city. The research project will not only contribute to meet a gap in research on urban mobilizations in Toronto but also deepen theoretical reflections on small-scale urban resistance in global cities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".