Investigating Ice-Impacted Fluvial Processes in a Small Riffle-Pool Sequence in Southern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding fluvial processes impacted by ice is essential to supporting channel design and stream corridor work in cold region rivers. Challenges with winter fieldwork limit field studies of fluvial processes in ice-covered riffle-pool sequences. Field and modelling approaches were used to investigate the impacts of ice cover on velocity and shear stress in a small, shallow riffle-pool sequence in Southern Ontario, Canada. Changes in flow direction, maximum velocity depth and magnitude were evaluated and shown to vary between smooth and rough cross-sections. Shear stress under ice was influenced by maximum velocity depth and magnitude within the riffle and pool. Fieldwork and modelling both demonstrated changes in shear stress distribution throughout the riffle-pool. Cross sections with higher roughness demonstrated increases in shear stress under ice, while cross-sections with lower roughness exhibited overall decreases in shear stress. Modelling paired with field data provided detailed shear stress magnitude and distribution estimates under ice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".